延续千年的民族传统技艺“擀毡”
平川文旅
2020-08-12 17:55
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来源:澎湃新闻·澎湃号·政务
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摊毛
摊毛就是根据毡的大小把弹好的羊毛用手扦均匀的铺摊到竹帘子上面,摊毛是技术活,摊不匀,擀出来的毡不平,铺在炕上咯人。
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毡匠双手并用的同时,每人腾出一只膝盖,边卷边压,帘子卷好后用四五道绳子扎紧。
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将捆好的帘子放到平地上,毡匠每人腾出一只脚按在帘子捆上同步踏压搓滚,搓滚一阵紧紧绳再搓,到毛瓷实成型再打开帘子,翻过毛坯,窝好边角;捆上再搓滚,直到毡坯瓷实。
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毡边定型后将毡坯卷起来开始擀毡。擀毡的人数取决于毡的大小,大毡三人擀,一般型号的毡两人擀,汗屉及条毡一个人擀。毡匠坐上凳子,凳子前放上两块门板,靠近凳子的一块斜置,形成坡度,再把毡辫(用来拉动操纵毡卷的绳子,多用麻丝编结)的一头系在凳子脚上,将毡卷放到毡辫上,毡匠手里抓住另一头,往回一拉,毡卷滚上来,四只脚按住毡卷往前一蹬,毡卷又送回去,一拉一蹬,循环往复;擀一阵还要打开毡卷,检查毡匀不匀,边子齐不齐,根据情况该填毛的填毛,该整边的整边(搓边),洒上水,换个方向卷起来再擀,所谓“九道十八序,饶脚不饶序”。重复多次,毡毛完全板结后就开始洗毡。
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把毡卷打开,方叠起来平放在木板上,浇上开水,毡匠用脚蹬踩下去,黑色的脏水被挤了出来;再浇水再踩,直至颜色雪白。把洗好的毡打开单卷起来,两个人抓住两头,一人把定,一人不断跷转,等毡卷拧紧,两人同时反方向用力,像拧抹布卷一样,只见剩余的洗毡水哗啦啦的控了出来。
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毡洗好后用长椽挑了,搭起来晾晒,大功告成。
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来源:祖厉河搜狐网
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原标题:《延续千年的民族传统技艺“擀毡”》