双语全文|张向晨大使在总理事会会议上关于改革上诉...

2018-12-14 10:46
北京

本文原标题:《双语全文|张向晨大使在总理事会会议上关于改革上诉机构提案的发言》

张向晨大使在总理事会会议上

关于改革上诉机构提案的发言

(2018年12月12日)

中英文演讲全文如下:

第一轮发言

GeneralStatement

感谢主席。

Thankyou,Mr.Chairman.

中方感谢并支持欧盟大使马克范赫克伦的发言。作为联合提案方之一,中方将就a、b、c三项分议题分享两点看法:

ChinathanksandsupportsthestatementmadebyAmbassadorMarcVanHeukelenoftheEuropeanUnion.Asoneofjointproponents,Chinawouldliketosharetwocomments,whichcoversub-itemsa,bandc:

第一,中欧等世贸组织成员提出联合提案,目的是回应并解决相关成员对上诉程序的关切,维护和加强上诉机构的独立性和公正性,推动世贸成员开展以文本为基础的实质性讨论,尽快启动上诉机构成员遴选程序。上诉机构危机已持续一年多时间,尚未见到解决曙光。个别世贸成员对上诉程序提出了关注,但未提出具体建议或解决方案。如该问题持续得不到解决,上诉机构将在一年后“停摆”。上诉机构成员遴选问题已成为世贸组织面临的迫在眉睫的危机,亟须尽快解决。中国古代哲学家孟子曾经说过,“徒法不足以自行”。争端解决机制是世贸组织的核心支柱。因此,为推动尽快解决上诉机构危机,中欧等40多个成员共同提出了联合提案,希籍此推动实质性讨论。

First,thejointproposalbytheEU,ChinaandotherMembersaimstorespondtoandaddressaparticularMember’sconcernsonappellateprocess,maintainandstrengthentheindependenceandimpartialityoftheAppellateBody,promotetext-basedsubstantialdiscussionsamongWTOMembers,andlaunchtheselectionprocessforAppellateBodyMembersassoonaspossible.ThecrisisoftheAppellateBodyhaslastedformorethanayearwithoutanysilverlining.TheindividualWTOMemberflaggeditsconcernsovertheappellateprocess,butprovidingnoconcretesuggestionsorsolutions.Ifthisissueremainsunresolved,theAppellateBodywillceasetofunctionafternextyear.TheselectionofAppellateBodyMembershasbecomeanimminentcrisisfacingtheWTOandneedstoberesolvedattheearliesttime.AsanancientChinesephilosopherMenciussaid,“lawsalonecannotcarrythemselvesintopractice.”ThedisputesettlementmechanismisthecorepillaroftheWTO.Therefore,morethan40Members,includingtheEUandChina,collectivelysubmittedthejointproposalaimingtopromotethesubstantivediscussions,soastofacilitatethecrisisoftheAppellateBodytobesolvedwithoutanydelay.

第二,中方呼吁世贸成员积极参与讨论磋商,争取尽快达成一致。正如印度所言,联合提案代表着开始,而非结束或最终结果。中方希望总理事会主席在此次会后,能够积极主持讨论磋商,以适当的机制保持讨论势头。维持争端解决机制和多边贸易体制,是所有世贸成员的共同责任,符合所有世贸成员的共同利益。中方希望所有世贸成员能够积极参与,以建设性的合作态度和积极务实的行动,尽快解决上诉机构危机,共同保障争端解决机制的正常运行,维护多边贸易体制的权威性和有效性。中方期待着与所有世贸成员一起推动该项工作。

谢谢。

Second,ChinacallsonallWTOMemberstoactivelyengageinthediscussionsandconsultations,andstrivetoreachconsensusassoonaspossible.AsIndiajustsaid,jointproposalmarksabeginningratherthantheendorthefinalresult.ChinaurgestheChairmanoftheGeneralCouncilcouldactivelyhostthediscussionsandconsultationsafterthismeeting,sothatthediscussionmomentumcouldbemaintainedthroughcertainappropriatemechanism.SafeguardingthedisputesettlementmechanismandthemultilateraltradingsystemisthesharedresponsibilityofallWTOMembersandservesthecommoninterestofthewholemembership.ChinahopesthateveryWTOMembercouldvigorouslyparticipateinthespiritoftheconstructivecooperation,takepositiveandpragmaticactionstosolvethecrisisoftheAppellateBodyassoonaspossible,safeguardthewell-functioningofthedisputesettlementmechanismbycollectiveefforts,andmaintaintheauthoritativenessandeffectivenessofthemultilateraltradingsystem.ChinaislookingforwardtofurtheringthisworkwithallWTOMembers.

Thankyou.

第二轮发言

SecondIntervention

感谢主席,我抱歉将再次发言。

Mr.Chairman,Iamsorrytotaketheflooragain.

我认真听了谢伊大使的发言,感到有点失望和困惑,但也不惊讶。中方愿意并希望继续与包括美方在内的所有世贸成员讨论有关问题。

IlistenedcarefullytotheStatementbyAmbassadorShea,butfeltalittledisappointedandconfused,thoughnotsurprised.ChinaiswillingandhopestocontinuediscussionsonrelevantissueswithallWTOMembersincludingtheUnitedStates.

我对美方的表态有几点疑问:

IhaveseveralquestionsregardingthestatementbytheUnitedStates:

一是关于90天的问题。的确,现有规则规定的上诉审限是90天,但二十多年来,案件越来越复杂,案卷材料越来越多。早先的案件,比如美国限制汽油进口案(DS2),所有案件相关材料汇总起来不过一小纸箱。但情况不同了,现在每一个案件可能都得要几十箱文件。上诉机构明显无法按期完成工作,我们该怎么办?我们很难找到解决之道。例如,未来遴选上诉机构成员时,难道我们要寻找那些能够一目十行的人?或者我们要求上诉机构成员每天工作16小时、睡觉5小时、吃饭3小时?实际上,35年前,我在准备中国的高考时曾经这么做过,但我知道这种做法是不可持续的。所以我的问题是,鉴于目前这种状况,美方建议要怎么办?

First,regardingtheissueof90days.Ofcourse,theexistingrulestipulatesthe90-daydeadlinefortheappellatereview.However,aftermorethantwentyyears,caseshavebecomemoreandmorecomplex,casematerialsthereforealsosurged.Inearlyyearscases,suchasUnitedStatesGasoline(DS2),asmallcartonsufficesforallcase-relatedmaterials.Thatisnolongerthesamesituation.Nowadays,weprobablyneeddozensofcartonstopilerelevantmaterialsforalmosteverycase.ThisistherealitythatAppellateBodycannotfinishitsworkontime.GiventheUnitedStates’positiontoopposetheincreaseofresources,whatweshoulddo?Wearestrugglingtofindaway,forexample,inthefuturewhenweselectAppellateBodymembers,maywelookforthosewhoareabletoreadtenlinesataglanceorcanweasktheAppellateBodymemberstowork16hours,sleep5hoursandeatfor3hoursperday?Actually,Ididitmyself35yearsago,whenIpreparedmycollegeentranceexaminationinChina,butIknowitisnotsustainable.Somyquestionis,whatsuggestionstheUnitedStateswouldliketomakeundersuchcircumstance?

二是关于越权问题。中方也希望上诉机构按照授权工作,不要扩张其判决。但坦率地说,如何界定是否越权并没有各方认同的标准。除了敦促上诉机构认真注意这一问题外,美方认为我们还能做什么?

Second,regardingtheissueofoverreach.ChinaalsowantstheAppellateBodytostayinlinewithitsmandate,ratherthanexpandingitsadjudications.Tobefrank,Membersdonothaveconsensusoverthecriteriatodeterminewhethertheoverreachoccurs.ExceptforurgingtheAppellateBodytotakeseriousnoteonthisissue.IntheUnitedStates’opinion,whatelsecouldwedo?

三是关于先例问题。上诉机构在以往争端案件中做出的裁决,为什么不能参考?已经分析过的法律问题,为什么要浪费时间和资源重新再分析一遍?这不符合司法经济原则,与美方所主张的提高争端解决效率是互相矛盾的。

Third,regardingtheissueofprecedent.WhentheAppellateBodymadeadjudicationsinpreviousdisputes,Idon’tknowwhythesejudgmentscannotbeusedasreference?Whyshouldwewastetimeandresourcestoredotheanalysisofthealreadyanalyzedlegalissues?Italsorunsagainstthejudicialeconomyprinciple,whichdirectlyconflictswiththepositionsoftheUnitedStatestoenhancetheefficiencyofdisputesettlement.

四是关于解决美方关切问题。美方说欧盟、中国和印度的部分建议会影响对上诉机构的问责。那美方能否回答一下,提案中哪些内容解决了美方关切,还有哪些关切没有解决?对于未解决的关切,美方有哪些具体的意见?如果没有,是否美方愿意坐等上诉机构瘫痪?

Fourth,regardingsolvingconcernsoftheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStatesviewsthatsomesuggestionsbyEU,ChinaandIndiawillmaketheAppellateBodyevenlessaccountable.CouldtheUnitedStatesgivearesponsetotheproposalregardingwhichofitsconcernshavebeenaddressedandwhicharenot?DoestheUnitedStateshavespecificsuggestionsonhowtoaddressthoseremainingconcerns?Ifnot,isittheintentionoftheUnitedStatestositbackandwaitfortheparalysisoftheAppellateBoddy?

最后,主席,我对谢伊大使的表态表示欢迎,他说美国愿意就此问题与其他成员进行深入探讨。我希望我的这些问题能够在今后深入的讨论中得到解答。

谢谢。

Finally,Mr.Chairman,IwelcomeAmbassadorShea’sstatementthattheUnitedStateswouldliketoengageinthedeepdiscussionswithotherMembersonthisissue.AndIhopemyquestionscanbeansweredinthefuturein-depthdiscussions.

Thankyou.

来源:驻世贸组织代表团

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